Diphtheria Vaccination, 4 Years

Diphtheria is a serious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.  The bacteria produce toxins (poison), which cause throat and breathing difficulties. The toxins can also cause nerve damage and heart problems, which in a small number of cases may cause death.

Patients with respiratory diphtheria may need to be hospitalised so they can be monitored and treated.

Diphtheria is spread by respiratory droplets (via coughing or sneezing) or by direct contact with wounds or items soiled by infected persons.

A person infected with diphtheria can spread the disease for up to 4 weeks.  Some people, known as carriers, can be infected by diphtheria without showing any symptoms.  Carriers of diphtheria can spread the disease for longer than 4 weeks.

Please speak to your doctor if you are concerned about your child's risk of diphtheria.

People at increased risk of diphtheria include:

• Anyone exposed to a person infected with diphtheria
• Anyone who has not been immunised
• People who have immune system problems
• Travellers to countries where diphtheria is still common

Other people may be at risk of diphtheria infection. Please speak to your doctor regarding your or your child's individual circumstances.

Diphtheria takes between 2 to 5 days after infection for symptoms to develop.

Symptoms are gradual and usually begin as a mild fever, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, generally feeling unwell (malaise) and a loss of appetite. Within 2 to 3 days a firm, fleshy, grey and sticky coating develops in the throat, which bleeds if attempts are made to remove it.  Without treatment, more serious problems such as suffocation, heart damage, kidney damage, and nerve damage can occur.

Diphtheria vaccination is recommended as part of routine childhood immunisation. In Australia, vaccination against diphtheria is provided in combination vaccines that also help to protect against other diseases.

Vaccination against diphtheria is provided free to children as part of the National Immunisation Program (NIP). Vaccination involves 3 injections for infants, usually given at 2, 4 and 6 months of age, followed by a booster at 4 years of age and one during adolescence at 12-17 years of age.

It is important for children to complete the recommended course of vaccinations to help prevent infection and maintain immunity.

Diphtheria vaccination is also recommended for all adults who reach the age of 50 years provided they have not received a booster dose of diphtheria containing vaccine in the previous 10 years. Adults who have never received a diphtheria-containing vaccine should see their doctor for further information.

Other people may be at risk of diphtheria infection. Please speak to your doctor regarding your individual circumstances.

A range of side effects may be experienced following vaccination. Discuss any concerns you have with your healthcare professional and inform them if you, or a member of your family experience any side effects as you may need treatment.